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Pathological demand avoidance vs autism10/31/2023 While a systematic review of persons with ASD by King and Murphy ( 2014) did not find persons with ASD disproportionately over-represented in the CJS, they noted that some persons were more implicated in a variety of crimes, and that individuals with apparent psychiatric comorbidity had more CJS involvement. 2014a, b, 2016), we predicted that EDA-QA scores would share variance with several other psychopathology dimensions, particularly those associated with problem behavior and emotional dysregulation.įorensic psychologists have become interested in the incidence of ASD and the broader autism phenotype in offender populations of the kind considered by Criminal Justice Systems (CJS Trundle et al. On the basis of previous work highlighting overlap between PDA, ASD, anxiety, and maladaptive behaviour (O’Nions et al. The internal and external reliability and validity of the EDA-QA is examined by testing whether greater scores are associated with concurrent callous–unemotional behaviour, general traits associated with personality disorder, and ASD features. In Study 1, we use this measure to examine the relationship between PDA traits, ASD traits, and other psychopathology dimensions, in a community sample of adults reporting self-identified psychopathology. This was done by rephrasing the items of the observer-rated EDA Questionnaire (EDA-Q) for children into equivalent propositions which an adult responded to on a 5-point likert scale, Study 1 validates this scale. 2014b EDA-Q) for use as a self-report measure of traits and behaviours related to PDA in adults without intellectual impairment (Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire-Adult version EDA-QA). The current research describes the adaptation of an informant-rating instrument (the Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire O’Nions et al. A similar degree of obsessionality may also be present-although with a more social focus in individuals with the PDA phenotype relative to those with more ‘typical’ ASD (Newson et al. Also differentiating ASD and PDA, there is some evidence to show individuals with PDA show good imagination and role-playing. Recent work in individuals with ASD and problem behavior suggests a robust correlation between non-compliance with routine requests and irritability (Chowdhury et al. Impulsivity and immediate mood changes were also reported more in individuals with PDA, whereas individuals with ASD were noted to lack impulsivity and adhered to routine. This suggests that demands in themselves were aversive for these individuals. In addition, demand avoidance in individuals with PDA was reportedly unselective enjoyable activities were as likely to be rejected as stressful ones. Given the concept of autism has broadened to include a wider range of phenotypes, social methods of distraction are likely to be seen across a broader cross section of the autism spectrum. This work observed that persons with PDA reject demands through a variety of social strategies, such as distraction or negotiation, whereas individuals with ASD tend to be more forthright and direct, so less strategic or ‘manipulative’ in their rejection of demands. For others, the chronicity of the problem justifies the term “pathological”.Įarly work comparing ASD to PDA conceptualized PDA as a separate subgroup (Newson et al. This is to reflect the idea that, from the individual’s perspective, avoidance of everyday requests may seem appropriate and thus not ‘pathological’, even though if disproportionate to others, hence the alternative term, EDA (Gillberg 2014). Some propose a terminological move from ‘pathological’ to ‘extreme’ demand avoidance. PDA is associated with a passive early history over the first year of development avoidance of demands, with extreme outbursts if demands are escalated surface sociability but apparent lack of sense of social identity lability of mood and impulsivity comfort in role play and pretending language delay, possibly attributable to passivity obsessive behaviour and soft neurological signs (awkwardness, clumsiness, dyspraxia and similar) (Newson et al. Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) is a behavioural profile associated with apparently obsessive non-compliance, distress, and florid challenging and socially inappropriate behaviour in children, adolescents and adults (Newson et al.
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